Electrical

Calculate single-ended PCB trace impedance or estimate microstrip and symmetric stripline width from stackup values.

Estimate PCB trace voltage drop, resistance, power loss, and supply-voltage budget from current, trace size, copper weight, and temperature.

Calculate PCB copper trace DC resistance from length, width, and copper weight or finished thickness. Add current for voltage drop and loss.

Estimate preliminary PCB copper trace width from current, temperature rise, copper thickness, and layer position.

Estimate air-core coil inductance in uH from turns and dimensions for single-layer, multilayer, and flat spiral coils.

Calculate inductor energy from inductance and current, or solve for inductance or current with an optional RL discharge check.

Size a boost converter with duty cycle, inductor, capacitor, current stress, and practical loss adjustments.

Size an ideal buck converter and check duty cycle, inductor ripple, peak current, capacitor needs, and CCM warning notes.

Estimate MOSFET heat from RDS(on), PWM switching, Coss, gate charge, and thermal resistance.

Calculate a MOSFET gate resistor from Qg, drive voltage, target switching time, frequency, and driver peak current.