Electrical

Choose an AWG wire size from current, one-way length, voltage, voltage drop limit, material, and ampacity settings.

Find a DC fuse size from amps or watts, then check wire amp limit and optional fuse DC voltage rating.

Estimate DC output, ripple, capacitor size, diode reverse voltage, and bridge heat loss for a single-phase bridge rectifier.

Estimate rectifier ripple voltage, capacitor size, or max load current with full-wave, half-wave, mA, uF, and DC checks.

Calculate ideal capacitor charge, capacitance, or voltage with SI units, plus stored electric energy in joules.

Choose an E12 or E24 pull-down resistor from supply voltage, VIL max, leakage current, and safe HIGH source current.

Choose an I2C pull-up resistor, check rise time and sink current, and include existing board pull-ups in parallel.

Add resistors in one unbranched series path to find equivalent resistance. Add supply voltage for current, voltage drops, and power.

Calculate NTC thermistor Beta from two points, or estimate temperature or resistance from a known Beta value.

Find equal crystal load capacitors or check effective load capacitance from C1, C2, and stray capacitance in pF.