Sam Gorman

Calculate Gibbs free energy from Delta H, Delta S, temperature, K, or Q, with unit conversion and sign interpretation.

Calculate freezing point decrease and estimated solution freezing temperature from molality or solute and solvent masses.

Calculate thermodynamic entropy change for heat, temperature changes, ideal gases, phase changes, and standard reactions.

Calculate boiling-point elevation from molality or masses and find the estimated solution boiling point in C or F.

Estimate pure water’s boiling point from altitude or air pressure, with F/C results, pressure conversion, and a simple cooking note.

Find water’s boiling point from altitude or air pressure, with sea-level change and estimated local pressure in clear units.

Calculate theoretical yield in grams and moles from a limiting reagent or a full balanced chemical equation.

Calculate Qc or Qp from a balanced reaction, then compare Q with K to find the direction toward equilibrium.

Calculate reaction rate constant k from a rate law, concentration-time data, or a first-order half-life with correct units.

Calculate percent yield from actual and theoretical yield, or solve for a missing yield in grams, milligrams, kilograms, or moles.