Chemistry

Calculate ideal buffer pH from pKa and acid/base amounts, or find the base-to-acid ratio for a target pH.

Find dilution factor, stock volume, solvent volume, or missing concentration or final volume for a one-step dilution.

Calculate molarity, dilution prep, and percent-to-molarity with clear units, density logic, and helpful lab-ready outputs.

Calculate buffer pH from pKa or Ka and acid/base amounts. See the ratio, buffer-region check, pOH, and shortcut warnings.

Calculate buffer capacity from a measured pH change or predict local capacity from pKa, total concentration, and operating pH.

Calculate how much bleach and water to mix by ppm, percent, or 1:x ratio, with clear unit conversions and safety notes.

Mix two strengths to hit a target, or find final mix strength from 2 to 5 ingredients with clear ratio and amount results.

Calculate aqueous-ion or binary-liquid activity coefficients with Davies, Debye-Huckel, or one-parameter Margules equations.

Convert ppm to molarity in mol/L using molar mass, with separate paths for ppm reported as mg/L or mg/kg.

Calculate solution normality in N from molarity or solute mass, final volume, and a reaction-specific n-factor.