Physics

Convert a foot-candle reading or lighting requirement to lux with optional decimal-place rounding.

Convert candela or mcd to lumens from a beam angle or solid angle, with beam spread and sphere share checks.

Convert lumens to candela using beam angle, wide and tall angles, or solid angle, with the steradians used shown.

Convert lux to lumens for a room, known area, or sphere, with optional loss factors for fixture lumen estimates.

Convert lumens to lux by lit area, cone beam, or bare bulb spread, with foot-candles and target comparison.

Estimate GPM from PSI using the right setup: nozzle, pipe exit, or pump power. Includes clear notes, limits, and unit checks.

Calculate factor of safety, allowable stress or load, required strength, and working value with clear yield vs ultimate basis guidance.

Estimate gold weight from size or find pure-gold content from measured weight in grams, troy ounces, ounces, and dwt.

Calculate angle of repose, height, or radius from a conical pile using radius or base diameter with clear unit-safe results.

Calculate shaft twist, torque, length, or required diameter for solid or hollow circular shafts with clear units and checks.