Physics

Calculate bend allowance, outside setback, bend deduction, flat length, and inferred K-factor for one sheet metal bend.

Calculate Brinell hardness (HBW or BHN) from force, ball diameter, and indentation size, with two-diameter averaging and sensitivity check.

Estimate column buckling load, stress, slenderness, and governing axis with Euler or Johnson methods and end-condition effects.

Calculate bulk modulus, compressibility, volumetric strain, and convert isotropic elastic constants with unit options.

Calculate copper wire mass or length from AWG, diameter, or area, with derived area, diameter, volume, and mass per length.

Calculate density, mass, or volume with unit conversion and optional water displacement for irregular objects.

Enter any 2 isotropic elastic constants to solve E, G, K, nu, and lambda with unit conversion and stability checks.

Calculate elongation, engineering strain, percent elongation, true strain, and elastic extension with clear length-based or load-material modes.

Calculate thin-wall hoop stress, pressure, thickness, or size for cylinders and spheres with validity checks and geometry basis conversion.

Calculate absorbed impact energy and impact strength for Charpy or Izod specimens using angles, heights, or mass and speed.