Physics

Calculate polar second moment of area J for solid or hollow circles. Optional torsion helper gives shear stress and twist angle.

Solve 2D projectile motion (no air resistance): time, max height, range, impact speed, and angles to hit a target distance.

Calculate projectile range, flight time, max height, and impact speed (no air resistance). Also solve for speed or angle on flat ground.

Estimate 1/4-mile ET and trap speed from weight and horsepower, or solve the horsepower or weight needed for a target run.

Add 2 to 5 velocity vectors and get resultant x/y components, magnitude, and direction (degrees) from magnitude+angle or components.

Compute ballistic coefficient using Small-arms (SD/i) or Physics (m/(Cd*A)) methods with clear units and labeling.

Estimate car jump distance, hang time, peak height, and impact angle from speed, ramp angle, and height. Includes solve-for speed or angle.

Solve 1D two-object collisions for final velocities, momentum check, and kinetic energy change (elastic, stick-together, or e).

Find 1D displacement using positions, constant velocity, or constant acceleration, with sign help, units, and formula shown.

Find free fall time, impact speed, and max height with unit choices, sign convention, and an optional terminal-speed air model.