Physics

Calculate fall time, impact speed, and terminal velocity with linear or quadratic air drag, plus a no-drag comparison.

Estimate arrow speed from IBO or ATA/AMO ratings, then see fps and metric conversions, kinetic energy, momentum, and a clear adjustment breakdown.

Find true field of view for eyepieces or cameras. Get TFOV in degrees and arcminutes, magnification, plate scale, and image scale.

Compute telescope magnification, exit pupil, and estimated true field of view from scope, eyepiece, Barlow, and reducer specs.

Compute thin-film OPD, phase flips, and s/p R and T at one wavelength and angle. Also get quarter-wave AR thickness and ideal AR index.

Solve for f, do, di, or magnification with a clear sign convention. Includes real vs virtual and upright vs inverted image notes.

Compare laser brightness using radiance, a P/lambda^2 index, or an estimated visible lumens output. Optional side-by-side Laser A vs B ratio.

Convert laser bandwidth between nm and GHz, plus coherence time, coherence length, and Q factor with clear assumptions.

Calculate focused laser spot size, Rayleigh range, depth of focus, and divergence. Choose 1/e^2 or FWHM, radius or diameter.

Use the lensmaker equation to solve for focal length, refractive index, or radii. Includes planar-surface toggles and diopters output.