Biology

Predict trihybrid cross genotype and phenotype outcomes, gametes, and target probabilities with a clear Punnett square summary.

Calculate qPCR amplification efficiency from a standard-curve slope or fit slope and R^2 from template amount and Ct or Cq data.

Build 1-trait or 2-trait Punnett squares, auto-generate gametes, and see genotype and phenotype ratios and percentages.

Convert coding or template DNA to a 5-prime to 3-prime mRNA sequence using the strand label and printed direction.

Convert DNA or RNA mass into copy number, reverse-calculate mass needed, or plan a dilution to target copies per uL.

Enter two parent genotypes, see the 4×4 Punnett square, gametes, genotype counts, and phenotype probabilities fast.

Calculate A and a allele frequencies from AA, Aa, and aa genotype counts. See Hardy-Weinberg expected frequencies and counts.

Convert A280 absorbance into protein concentration in mg/mL or uM using epsilon, E1%, or a quick estimate.

Convert between starting germs, germs left, log reduction, percent removed, and D-value time in one simple calculator.

Calculate insert DNA mass for a vector-insert ligation ratio. Optionally check pipetting volumes and reaction volume capacity.