Sam Gorman

Convert A280 absorbance into protein concentration in mg/mL or uM using epsilon, E1%, or a quick estimate.

Convert between starting germs, germs left, log reduction, percent removed, and D-value time in one simple calculator.

Calculate insert DNA mass for a vector-insert ligation ratio. Optionally check pipetting volumes and reaction volume capacity.

Convert A260 to DNA or RNA concentration, check purity ratios, and estimate nM or copies/uL from fragment length.

Find cell doubling time, fold-change, growth status, observed doublings, and growth rate from two cell counts and elapsed time.

Calculate starting cell suspension and diluent volumes for a target concentration and final volume, with an optional pipette-ready plan.

Calculate microbial generation time from two population readings and elapsed time. See doublings and a growth-phase reminder.

Estimate PCR annealing temperature from primer Tm values with quick and product-aware methods, gradient range, and mismatch warnings.