Sam Gorman

Use Malus’s law to find transmitted intensity, percent transmitted, or the angle between polarizers. Includes non-ideal polarizer options.

Solve for object distance, image distance, or focal length. Includes magnification, image type, and a Beginner vs Physics sign check.

Convert between optical density (OD), absorbance, transmittance (T), %T, and intensity ratio. Optional Beer-Lambert concentration step.

Estimate radar line-of-sight horizon from antenna height. Include k-factor refraction, target height, and optional clutter. Output km, mi, or nmi.

Solve for a missing refraction angle or refractive index with Snell’s law. Includes normal vs surface angle help, TIR check, and critical angle.

Convert a glasses prescription to an estimated contact lens power using vertex distance, with cylinder/axis support and optional rounding.

Calculate Brewster’s angle from n1 and n2, or solve for a refractive index. Optional Snell’s law check shows the 90 degree relationship.

Solve Bragg’s law for d, wavelength, angle, or order. Toggle theta vs 2-theta, pick units, and check if a real solution exists.

Compute Planck spectral radiance (per wavelength or frequency), peak location, and total power using temperature, emissivity, and area.

Estimate distance using a mil or MOA reticle. Use target size or the horizon method, plus optional SFP magnification correction.