Sam Gorman

Convert Rockwell hardness to other scales with material-specific limits, status notes, and table-based interpolation guidance.

Calculate bend allowance or K-factor, plus setback, bend deduction, and optional flat length for one sheet metal bend.

Calculate true strain from engineering strain or lengths, compare the difference, and optionally convert engineering stress to true stress.

Calculate torsional stiffness from GJ/L or torque and twist, with solid, hollow, and direct-J options plus unit handling.

Calculate torsional constant J for round, hollow, rectangular, and thin-walled open sections with clear units and method notes.

Calculate thermal stress, free strain, and free expansion for restrained members with optional partial restraint.

Find Kt from geometry or stress ratio, and estimate local maximum stress with ratio checks and validity guidance.

Calculate axial stress, strain, force, area, length change, or Young’s modulus with clear units and signed tension/compression results.

Compute 2D truss, beam, and frame element stiffness matrices with local/global forms, DOF maps, and coordinate-based geometry.

Calculate specific gravity or density from density, mass, and volume with unit conversion and custom reference density.